-
American Journal of Respiratory Cell... Jun 2021
Topics: Blood Coagulation; COVID-19; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Lung; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33784208
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0134ED -
Acta Medica Okayama Dec 2021Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75 kDa plasma protein that is synthesized in the liver of many verte-brates and present in their plasma at relatively high... (Review)
Review
Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75 kDa plasma protein that is synthesized in the liver of many verte-brates and present in their plasma at relatively high concentrations of 100-150 μg/mL. HRG is an abundant and well-characterized protein having a multidomain structure that enable it to interact with many ligands, func-tion as an adaptor molecule, and participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes. As a plasma protein, HRG has been reported to regulate vascular biology, including coagulation, fibrinolysis and angiogenesis, through its binding with several ligands (heparin, FXII, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, and plas-minogen) and interaction with many types of cells (endothelial cells, erythrocytes, neutrophils and platelets). This review aims to summarize the roles of HRG in maintaining vascular homeostasis and regulating angiogen-esis in various pathological conditions.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Blood Proteins; Endothelial Cells; Fibrinolysis; Homeostasis; Humans; Proteins; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 34955533
DOI: 10.18926/AMO/62805 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Apr 2021Objective To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of 4 coagulation-related genes, rs1799963 (coagulation factor V gene Leiden), rs6025 (prothrombin...
Objective To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of 4 coagulation-related genes, rs1799963 (coagulation factor V gene Leiden), rs6025 (prothrombin gene G20210A), rs1042579 (thrombomodulin protein gene c.1418C>T) and rs1801131 (methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene) and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT). Methods The 4 genotypes mentioned above of 150 LEDVT patients and 153 healthy controls were detected by the kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP), then related blood biochemical indicators were collected, binary Logistic regression was established to screen the independent risk factors of LEDVT, and the correlation between polymorphism of 4 coagulation-related genes and LEDVT and its indicators under different genetic modes after adjusting confounding factors were analyzed. Results Five variables, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product, homocysteine, sex and age might be the risk factors of LEDVT. These variables were put into 4 genetic inheritance models, and adjusted in binary Logistic regression. The results suggested that the mutations of rs1042579 were correlated with LEDVT under dominant inheritance mode. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of rs1799963, rs6025 and rs1801131 has no significant correlation with the formation of LEDVT. The gene polymorphism of rs1042579 plays a role under dominant inheritance mode, and might be an independent risk factor for formation of LEDVT.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Humans; Lower Extremity; Polymorphism, Genetic; Risk Factors; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 34142473
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2019.491213 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Saponins comprise a heterogenous group of chemical compounds containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone group and at least one sugar chain. They exist as secondary... (Review)
Review
Saponins comprise a heterogenous group of chemical compounds containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone group and at least one sugar chain. They exist as secondary metabolites, occurring frequently in dicotyledonous plants and lower marine animals. Plant saponin extracts or single saponins have indicated antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a multifactorial disease influenced by various patient characteristics such as age, immobility, previous thromboembolism and inherited thrombophilia. This mini-review (1) evaluates the current literature on saponins as modulators of the coagulation system, (2) discusses the impact of chemical structure on the modulation of the coagulation system, which may further provide a basis for drug or supplement design, (3) examines perspectives of their use in the prevention of VTE. It also describes the molecular mechanisms of action of the saponins involved in the prevention of VTE.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Blood Coagulation; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; Pulmonary Embolism; Saponins; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 33172028
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215171 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... May 2008The relationship between cancer and coagulopathy was suggested by Trousseau nearly 150 years ago. Later, it became more evident that oncologic patients are at a higher... (Review)
Review
The relationship between cancer and coagulopathy was suggested by Trousseau nearly 150 years ago. Later, it became more evident that oncologic patients are at a higher risk of experiencing thromboembolic events. This can be due to activation of the coagulation system either by neoplastic cells or by prescribed therapies (chemotherapy or surgical procedures). In fact, these events can constitute the first manifestation of cancer, and their recurrence, despite efficient anticoagulation, has been described. The coagulation system is normally activated in order to provide healing. In the presence of neoplasms, this complex system is activated as a response to multiple stimuli and seems to contribute to cancer progression. Activation of the coagulation system has a greater effect on metastatic foci than on the primary tumor. However, most cancer victims die from complications caused by metastasis, which underscores the importance of this theme. In this area, various mechanisms have been described, creating promising perspectives for future treatments. The current success in using low-molecular-weight heparins against small cell lung cancer is encouraging. Although the knowledge of those mechanisms is relatively incipient, many basic research and clinical studies are underway.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Thrombophilia
PubMed: 18545828
DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132008000500011 -
Mathematical Biosciences and... Apr 2011The hemostatic system is a highly complex multicomponent biosystem that under normal physiologic conditions maintains the fluidity of blood. Coagulation is initiated in...
The hemostatic system is a highly complex multicomponent biosystem that under normal physiologic conditions maintains the fluidity of blood. Coagulation is initiated in response to endothelial surface vascular injury or certain biochemical stimuli, by the exposure of plasma to Tissue Factor (TF), that activates platelets and the coagulation cascade, inducing clot formation, growth and lysis. In recent years considerable advances have contributed to understand this highly complex process and some mathematical and numerical models have been developed. However, mathematical models that are both rigorous and comprehensive in terms of meaningful experimental data, are not available yet. In this paper a mathematical model of coagulation and fibrinolysis in flowing blood that integrates biochemical, physiologic and rheological factors, is revisited. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed in an idealized stenosed blood vessel where clot formation and growth are initialized through appropriate boundary conditions on a prescribed region of the vessel wall. Stability results are obtained for a simplified version of the clot model in quiescent plasma, involving some of the most relevant enzymatic reactions that follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and having a continuum of equilibria.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Blood Vessels; Computer Simulation; Fibrinolysis; Hemostasis; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular
PubMed: 21631138
DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.425 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Aug 2002
Topics: Anticoagulants; Antithrombin III; Blood Coagulation; Heparin; Humans; Inflammation; Multiple Organ Failure; Protein C; Thromboplastin
PubMed: 12378655
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aef134 -
Journal of the American Association For... May 2009The present study examined changes in maternal blood parameters, particularly those related to blood coagulation, as well as alterations in blood coagulation-related...
The present study examined changes in maternal blood parameters, particularly those related to blood coagulation, as well as alterations in blood coagulation-related gene expression in the liver during gestation in rats. Fibrinogen concentration and platelet count increased as pregnancy progressed whereas prothrombin time and overall activity of vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors decreased before delivery, suggesting a physiologic response to prevent prolonged bleeding at parturition. Conversely, compared with values for nonpregnant rats, activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged before delivery and antithrombin time was significantly higher during fetal organogenesis and thereafter, indicating a mechanism to prevent the development of deep tissue thrombosis in dams. DNA microarray analysis revealed no differences in coagulation-related gene expression in the liver on gestation day 13 between pregnant and nonpregnant rats, whereas the gene expression of various fibrinogen-related factors, coagulation factors II and X, and the anticoagulation factor-related factor leuserpin 2 were increased on gestational day 19. In addition, changes similar to those reported previously in pregnant rats were confirmed. The data obtained from the present study can be used as background data for effective evaluation of reproductive toxicology in rats, and they suggest that the rat is a useful animal model for investigating the mechanisms of disorders in the blood coagulation system that can occur during late pregnancy in women.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Coagulation; DNA Primers; Edetic Acid; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Pregnancy; Rats
PubMed: 19476716
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Feb 2015
Topics: Albumins; Blood Coagulation; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Female; Humans; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Postoperative Hemorrhage
PubMed: 25596219
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu469 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Oct 2011Initiation of blood coagulation occurs mainly through tissue factor (TF) that becomes exposed to blood following vascular injury. Cell-associated TF binds to the serine... (Review)
Review
Initiation of blood coagulation occurs mainly through tissue factor (TF) that becomes exposed to blood following vascular injury. Cell-associated TF binds to the serine protease FVIIa and initiates a cascade of amplified zymogen activation reactions leading to thrombus formation. As TF-FVIIa directed inhibitors might achieve anticoagulant efficacy without significantly interfering with normal haemostasis, the TF-FVIIa complex is an interesting target in thrombosis-related disease. Various approaches have been used to inhibit the TF-FVIIa complex including active site-inhibited FVIIa, TF antibodies, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), naturally occurring inhibitors, peptide exosite inhibitors and active site inhibitors. Several experimental studies using these inhibitors have displayed promise. However, none of these TF/FVIIa inhibitors has reached clinical testing. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical efficacy of these novel inhibitors.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Factor VII; Humans
PubMed: 21392058
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03960.x